Place large pot on stovetop over high heat. Add 1 tablespoon neutral-flavored oil to pot and heat until oil is shimmery.
When oil is hot, add 12 guajillo chiles, 6 ancho chiles, 2 large roma tomatoes, 1 small yellow onion, 1 4-inch long Mexican cinnamon stick, 2 large bay leaves, and ½ teaspoon whole black peppercorns. Stir ingredients together, then add enough water to fill pot.
Bring water to rolling boil, then immediately reduce heat under pot to low. Cover pot with lid and simmer mixture over low heat 10 minutes.
After 10 minutes, uncover pot. Remove and discard bay leaves and cinnamon stick.
Using slotted spoon, transfer all remaining solid ingredients from pot to blender.
After transferring solid ingredients to blender, add 1 cup of water from pot to blender. Discard any remaining water from pot and set pot aside.
Add 4 cups chicken broth, 2 tablespoons distilled white vinegar, 2 ½ tablespoons minced fresh garlic, 1 teaspoon ground cumin, 1 teaspoon dried Mexican oregano, ¼ teaspoon ground cloves, and 1-2 teaspoons salt (to taste) to blender.
Blend ingredients together on high speed until fully incorporated into completely smooth mixture.
Place fine mesh sieve over pot. Pour blended mixture into sieve and gently press mixture through mesh with back of wooden spoon, straining mixture well. Discard any solids caught in strainer.