Preheat oven to 450° Fahrenheit. Place 1 4-pound prime rib on cutting board. Note: prime rib does not need to come to room temperature first.
Liberally season all sides of prime rib with sea salt, then season all sides with generous amount of freshly cracked black pepper.
If Using Rosemary-Garlic Crust: Add ¼ cup unsalted butter, 2-3 cloves garlic, and 1 tablespoon minced fresh rosemary to small bowl. Stir ingredients together with fork until well incorporated, then rub mixture onto prime rib, coating all sides of prime rib evenly.
If NOT Using Rosemary-Garlic Crust: Rub ¼ cup unsalted butter onto prime rib, coating all sides of prime rib evenly.
Place prime rib in large roasting pan, then place roasting pan in preheated oven. Roast prime rib 15 minutes at 450° Fahrenheit.
After 15 minutes, reduce oven temperature to 325° Fahrenheit. Insert oven-safe internal meat thermometer into center of prime rib.
Roast prime rib until internal temperature reaches 113° to 115° Fahrenheit. Important: Baste prime rib every 30 minutes by using basting brush to brush fat drippings in pan onto prime rib, covering roast completely.
When internal temperature reaches 113° to 115° Fahrenheit, remove roasting pan from oven. Transfer prime rib to large cutting board and set aside. Allow prime rib to rest 20 minutes. While prime rib rests, prepare au jus.